Située à la sortie nord du village viticole d'Ergersheim, en direction de Furdenheim, à une 20 km de Strasbourg, la chapelle appelée communément "Maria Altbronn" est le seul vestige du village disparu d'Altbronn, ainsi que la ferme juste à côté.
Altbronn ou Altbrunne (le village à la vieille fontaine) était un hameau florissant au début du Moyen-Age.
Ce village a disparu durant la 1ère moitié du 14e siècle. par suite des guerres civiles et de la peste noire. Il ne restait que l'église que l'évêque Guillaume de Diest érigea en pèlerinage en l'honneur de la Vierge Marie en 1397 (dalle scellée sur le côté sud du bâtiment).
Au 15 et 16e siècle, le sanctuaire connait une période de prospérité, puis de déclin. Ensuite, l'évêque Jean de Manderscheidt confie le pèlerinage aux Jésuites qui tiennent un collège à Molsheim. Altbronn fut délaissé à partir de 1765 lorsque le Collège des Jésuites fut supprimé par l'Etat.
En 1883, le sanctuaire est acquis par le Conseil de Fabrique d'Ergersheim. Dès lors l'affluence des pélerins n'a jamais cessé de croître. Quand les cisterciennes, mieux connues sous le nom de Trappistines établies alors à Oelenberg, vinrent s'installer à Ergersheim en 1895, elles lui empruntèrent le nom pour leur monastère du centre ville.
Dans le hall d'entrée de la chapelle, des plaques de céramiques sont inséerées dans le mur. Elles racontent la Passion du Christ et s'organisent autour d'une Piéta (ateliers Elchinger)
A quelques pas du pèlerinage se trouve la source Sainte-Anne dont les miracles sont recensés dès le 16e siècle par les Jésuites pour leurs vertus contre les accouchements difficiles. Elle aurait été découverte par un jeune pâtre qui aurait entendu des chants célestes.
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