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Le Barrage Vauban, véritable prouesse architecturale, est situé sur la véloroute du canal de la Bruche entre Avolsheim et Wolxheim ,à une vingtaine de kilomètres de Strasbourg.
Le Barrage d'Avolsheim appelé également "petites et grandes vannes" fut construit en 1682 sur le canal artificiel de la Bruche construit par l'architecte Vauban.
Le 30 septembre 1681, Strasbourg, ville libre de l’Empire germanique, capitule face aux troupes françaises. Pour organiser la défense de la ville, Louis XIV, roi de France, décide de doter Strasbourg d’une citadelle. Les plans seront dessinés par Vauban, le matériau à utiliser sera du grès et l'acheminement se fera par un canal. Il faut imaginer qu'à cette époque-là, il y avait un trafic incessant de péniches tirées par des hommes, des ânes ou des chevaux depuis le chemin de halage de la rive droite. Le travail ne fut pas aisé car le canal présente une pente de 29 m.
Pour alimenter le canal, la Bruche a dû rejoindre la Mossig à Avolsheim, via une tranchée creusée par le Régiment « de Champagne ». C’est à cet intersection de rivière qu'ont été construite des grandes vannes appelées aussi le « grand reversoir » qui régule le débit du canal de la Bruche.
En aval, la Bruche est bordée de part et d'autre de prairies inondables appelées les "rieds", zones inconstructibles.
Randonneurs, ce barrage se trouve sur le GR 534 Stanislas-Kléber
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